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26 years
After how many years or period of time by the maximum the AIDS could appear? And what are the symptoms?
Sep 1, 2014
Opinion requested

Dr. Rania Mousa General Medicine
From the original infection, there is usually a period of 8 to 10 years before the clinical manifestations of AIDS occur; however, this period may be two years or less. Approximately 10% of patients succumb to AIDS within 2 to 3 years.

A small percentage of HIV-infected individuals rapidly progress to AIDS if they fail to take the medication within four years after primary HIV-infection and are termed Rapid Progressors Indeed some individuals have been known to progress to AIDS and death within a year after primo-infection.

antibodies are detectable for 6 to 12 weeks after initial infection until anti-HIV antibodies are detectable.

If acquired by sexual activity, the virus enters the body in infected macrophages in semen or vaginal secretions. Dendritic cells in the mucosal linings bind the virus shed by macrophages and carry it to the lymph nodes where CD4+ T4 cells become infected. During the course of the disease, the virus migrates to other cell types.

Initially, HIV infection produces a mild disease that is self-limiting. This is not seen in all patients and about 30% remain asymptomatic during the initial period of infection. In the period immediately after infection, virus titer rises (about 4 to 11 days after infection) and continues at a high level over a period of a few weeks (figure 4). The patient often experiences some mononucleosis-like symptoms (fever, rash, swollen lymph glands) but none of these is life-threatening. There is an initial fall in the number of CD4+ cells and a rise in CD8+ cells but they quickly return to near normal. At this stage virus titers are very high with as many as one hundred million virus particles per milliliter of plasma.

During the first two weeks of infection two weeks, CD4+ cells in the lymphoid tissue if the alimentary tract decline. This has two results: Local immunodeficiency and chronic immune activation. Immune activation results from translocation of bacteria across the damage mucosa of the alimentary tract.

There is a "window period" of seronegativity during which an infected person does not give a positive western blot HIV test or ELISA, even though the viral load is high and the patient may exhibit some symptoms,window period is about three months .
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