Chest pain is one of the most frequent presenting symptoms in medical settings. Fortunately, in the vast majority of cases (80–90%), chest pain is not due to heart disease and are diagnosed with non–cardiac chest pain (NCCP).
NCCP is defined as chest pain that resembles heart pain (also called angina) in patients who do not have heart disease. Non-cardiac chest pain typically is felt behind the breast bone (sternum) and is described as oppressive, squeezing or pressure-like. It may radiate to the neck, left arm or the back (the spine).
A common cause of non-cardiac chest pain is musculoskeletal problems located anywhere on the chest wall. The chest contains many muscles, bones, tendons, and cartilage (the rubbery tissue that connects muscles and bones). Strains or sprains to any of these areas can cause chest pains. Chest pains associated with musculoskeletal injury, such as exercise-induced musculoskeletal chest pain, are typically sharp and confined to a specific area of the chest. They may be brought on by movement of the chest and/or arms into certain positions, and often are relieved by changing position. These pains can be triggered by pushing on part of the chest and often become worse when taking a deep breath. These pains usually last only seconds, but can persist for days.
If the cause of NCCP is a musculoskeletal problem, treatment may include:
• Heat
• Stretching exercises
• Non–steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
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